3104 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 9310 Steel
3104 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 9310 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is 3104 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 9310 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 70 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 1.1 to 20 | |
| 17 to 19 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 74 to 130 | |
| 300 to 390 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 26 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 110 to 180 | |
| 510 to 570 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 170 to 310 | |
| 820 to 910 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 68 to 270 | |
| 450 to 570 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 400 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 180 | |
| 440 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 650 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 600 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 900 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 160 | |
| 48 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 23 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 41 | |
| 7.7 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 130 | |
| 8.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 9.5 | |
| 4.4 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 2.8 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 8.4 | |
| 1.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 150 | |
| 24 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 1180 | |
| 57 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 1.6 to 60 | |
| 120 to 150 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 34 to 540 | |
| 540 to 860 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 50 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 to 31 | |
| 29 to 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 25 to 37 | |
| 25 to 27 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 64 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 7.6 to 13 | |
| 24 to 27 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 95.1 to 98.4 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0.080 to 0.13 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 1.0 to 1.4 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0.050 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Gallium (Ga), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 93.8 to 95.2 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0.8 to 1.3 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.8 to 1.4 | |
| 0.45 to 0.65 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.080 to 0.15 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 3.0 to 3.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0.2 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.012 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |