Annealed Grade 23 Titanium vs. Annealed Grade 28 Titanium
Both annealed grade 23 titanium and annealed grade 28 titanium are titanium alloys. Both are furnished in the annealed condition. They have a very high 96% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is annealed grade 23 titanium and the bottom bar is annealed grade 28 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 500 | |
| 350 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 30 | |
| 22 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 40 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 570 | |
| 440 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 940 | |
| 710 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 | |
| 540 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 340 | |
| 330 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1640 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1590 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 550 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 8.3 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 9.9 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 1.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 2.7 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 36 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 37 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 600 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 370 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 | |
| 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3430 | |
| 1370 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 59 | |
| 44 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 39 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.9 | |
| 3.4 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 68 | |
| 48 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.013 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.13 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Ruthenium (Ru), % | 0 | |
| 0.080 to 0.14 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 88.1 to 91 | |
| 92.4 to 95.4 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 2.0 to 3.0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |